When you begin to study Human Biology, one of the first concepts you will be exposed to is Homeostasis. What is Homeostasis? The word “homeo” is Neo-Latin from Greek, meaning “similar” and “stasis,” meaning “standing still.” Together, it implies “staying the same.” This is the basis in which our living body creates a stable environment conducive for maintaining optimal life function.

Many things we experience every second of every day in our lives as living beings, we take for granted because our bodies do it automatically, without our knowledge or consciousness. Homeostasis is one of these. Suppose you were in the Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia at this time of year (which at this current moment of my writing is at -23 degrees Celsius), you go outside without a coat or gloves or shoes. The first thing your body would begin doing, is to thermoregulate; neurons in the hypothalamic region of the brain begin to sense and react to change in core temperature, the thermoreceptor cells at the skin will send signals to create piloerection (goose bumps on the skin), skeletal muscles begin to contract triggering the shivering reflex, thus creating motion in the body to generate heat, blood vessels begin constriction and metabolic reaction increases internally. These all occur in order to maintain the 36.5 to 37-degrees Celsius body temperature that human bodies need, in order to have optimal functioning of the body’s system. If you were to continue to remain in this state without any means to warm-up your body for a longer period of time, your body would begin progressing towards hypothermia; the overcooling of the body to the point where it cannot maintain normal life function and possible breakdown or even necrosis of tissue or death.

On the contrary, if you were to go to the Death Valley, California in the middle of summer, where the hottest temperature was ever recorded on any place of the Earth at 52.7-degrees Celsius, and stand in the middle of the sand and rocks of the desert, your body would go through the reverse process of thermoregulation. The neurons in the hypothalamus would sense a rise to core temperature, the thermoreceptors in the skin would sense the heat, triggering the pores of your skin to open to release heat, excrete sweat from the sweat glands cooling the surface of the skin, blood vessels would dilate causing reddening of the skin. This would decrease the core temperature, closer to 37-degrees Celsius. Once again, if we could not find shade or replenish the fluids used, then the body would progress on to hyperthermia; the overheating of the body and dehydration to the point where the system would shut down. This very intelligent system of thermoregulation built into our bodies is not the only Homeostatic function that we possess: the blood pH levels, the blood glucose levels, to name a few are also part of the process of Homeostasis.

What is the basic principle of Homeostasis? It is about balance, sometimes described as a “dynamic equilibrium.” There is a middle point that an organism strives for; an ideal point where all things function at its optimum. This idea of the body’s self-regulatory system was explored by Claude Bernard, a French physiologist in 1849. But the term Homeostasis was only coined up in 1926 by an American neurologist-physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon, just about a hundred years ago.

To describe Homeostasis as “a point” is to do it an injustice, as it would imply non-moving, which it is not. It is a process, a motion, a dynamic-ever-changing dance in the body. The Chinese obviously didn’t call it Homeostasis when they developed their ideas almost 3000 years ago, they called it Yin-Yang. It wasn’t just used to describe the human body’s capacity to self-regulate but also a perspective of the Earth, of the Universe and of how living beings, such as human beings, live in a microcosm of a greater macrocosm. Whatever happens here on our Earth affects that which is within us, as well as what is beyond us. Our bodies seek balance within itself, within the Earth and within the universe. So often though we are unaware of it. As an example, I ask patients, who are experiencing some sort of symptom that brings them in for treatment, if this is affected by weather. Many a time, I hear an affirmative answer: “Yes, the weather does affect it.” But often times, comes the next sentences: “But how can that be?” My answer is: “How can it not be? Do we live on the Earth or do we live in a laboratory, where conditions have been manipulated to become a vacuum, controlled solely by the lab technician?” We do not live in an individualized, climate-controlled bubble; we live in a big, living multi-organism, multi-elemental, rich environment that many of us cannot even fathom. So complex yet so effortless and simple on our part, until something goes off-balance.

When we look through the lenses of Yin-Yang to see our bodies, we realize that when something is taken out, something of similar magnitude has to be put back in, in order that the balance be regained. Try wearing 2 shoes of different heights, a flat-soled shoe on one foot and a high-heeled shoe on the other. Walk 10 steps in these and feel how uncomfortable you feel. Walk 10 days with them and the body would have gone through quite a few aches and pains before beginning to adapt. We would start to see the changes to the structure of the body, depending on how much the height difference is in the soles. Already we see some form of balance adaptation happening in the body, in response to a change in conditions. Take these shoes off and you feel the “rightness” of balance returning to the body. This balance is already built into our systems, we just have to take a moment to check-in to find it. Now realize that even if we are unconscious of the imbalance that is occurring, our bodies do it for us anyway and when it can’t it warns us with its alarm system - pain

What a wonderful creation our bodies are. Rene Descartes stated, “Cogito ergo sum – I think, therefore I am.” I believe it’s even simpler and more profound, “I AM.”
 
 

Image by kati on pixabay

​​One of the most profound philosophies that the ancient Chinese gave us is the theory of Yīn-Yáng. It has permeated popular culture so deeply, that it is even an emoji on our digital device, yet many do not really understand it. We see this symbol and we think Yīn-Yáng but the actual name of this symbol is the Tai Ji symbol. It is not wrong to describe it as Yīn-Yáng, as it does represent these. However, most people do not really interpret Yīn-Yáng correctly.
 
There is often a reference to Yīn-Yáng as being a dualistic theory. I find this incorrect, as most times dualism refers to two things that are opposed to each other - "either-or," "black or white," "dark or light," "female or male," "good or bad." This is not what Yīn-Yáng refers to. The symbol is very clearly pictured with a white, fish-like form with a black eye and a black fish with a white eye. Black and white are bound together; there is neither one that it completely black nor completely white at any point in time. There are no absolutes. The Tai Ji symbol is actually a symbol in motion. 
 
If we were to begin to look at the white fish from its tail and move clockwise, this could represent the growing of the Yáng; like the beginning of day. But at the tail of the white fish is the head of the black fish, the largest part of the fish's body. If we were to look at this as the transformation of night to day, this point of white tail and black head would be midnight. When the maximum of Yīn occurs - midnight, the smallest of Yáng has already begun its ascent; as such, the seed of daylight has already begun its germination. What we experience as sunrise would be represented halfway up the white fish body and noon would be at the head of the white fish. There once again, even though we experience the highest of the light, the seed of Yīn, the tail of the black fish, has already begun to manifest. This is definitely NOT dualism. This is equilibrium in motion - life transforming to death, death transforming to life, neither is absolute. Crazy isn't it? A symbol so simple as this can manifest such profound thought.
 
The Chinese philosophers of the Yīn-Yáng School, which arose during the Warring States period (476-221 BCE), most especially Zou Yan, is credited with developing Yīn-Yáng theory and the theory of the Five-Elements. They were also called the Naturalist School, where the focus was to understand the laws of Nature in order to harmonize one's self to it, rather than to control it. Over two thousand years later, we are still trying to grasp these ideas, as some of us continue to misunderstand and sometimes manipulate these theories to suit our needs for domination over Nature. But as we know that midnight will transform to dawn, these too will have to transform. The Extreme Yin of midnight holds the seed of Yang that will transform darkness into light.
 




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Diagram by Elaine   

​​We just passed the phase of the Autumnal Equinox, around the 21st of September here in the Northern hemisphere. The "change" from Late Summer to Autumn has reared its severe head. Here, we have been presented with 20-degree temperature difference overnight; warm and sunny in the day hitting mid-20s, then down to 5 degrees in the night. Our bodies, with pores wide open like windows of our houses in Summer, were shocked into closure. If not, we got sick with a cold or digestive distress, forcing us to stay in bed under warm covers, which in a way is a form of drastic closure. 
 
After the Autumnal Equinox passes, the light of the sun diminishes every day; over a minute at sunrise and over 2 minutes at sunset. What does this do to living beings on this hemisphere? It makes us, animals and plants, focus more inward; our energies begin to be more Yin concentrated. It is then not surprising that we modern humans stay more indoors, as it is colder, darker and we feel less active, possibly even tired. If you have been feeling this way these past few weeks, there is nothing wrong with you. Nature and the weather affects us because we are a part of nature. What we can do is to honor this connection by taking time to do quiet things, to rest and sleep more. Also, to eat certain foods that will help the process of moving inward, such as with root vegetables. There is this idea in Chinese Medicine and other forms of Complementary Medicine that "like treats like"; if we want to feel more rooted, we should ingest roots, as they will guide our energetic body to create more "rooted connections."
 
One of my favorites is Sweet Potato, 番薯 Fān Shǔ, Ipomoeas batatas in Latin. That's the plant pictured above. For the past few years, we have been planting this wonderful vegetable in our garden as it is a plant that almost all parts - leaf, stem, flower and root, are edible. Its leaves are heart-shaped and they creep and hang off the edge of our veggie-raised-beds, with its blossom so like the Morning Glory. They can propagate by leaf-cuttings but if you had a root that was sprouting, like many root vegetables, you can put this root in a bit of water to allow the sprout to grow leaves and then place them in the Earth. One can boil the roots in water with a little salt, add them to curries, fry/ bake them like Sweet Potato fries or make Sweet Potato pie with walnuts, like they do in the US for Thanksgiving. In East Asia, we make Rice Congee with Sweet Potato roots, deep fry them with a batter to make tempura in Japanese cuisine or in ball-form as a sweet snack in Malaysia (fān shǔ dàn) or served in a sweet soup in China. We also eat the leaves and stems, in the Spring-Summer seasons, as a stir-fry like you can with spinach, with a little garlic and soy sauce. They are beautiful beings that thrive in sunny, warm conditions, but are very sensitive to frost, as they are originally from Central/ South America like the regular potato. As such, it is now soon time to harvest the roots in our garden.
 
In Chinese Medicine, Sweet Potato is sweet in flavor, neutral to cooling in temperature and, affects the Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine and Kidney meridians. When a food or herb is naturally sweet in flavor, it often will tonify Qi. As such Sweet Potato's functions include strengthening Spleen to promote Qi, increase mother's milk production, as well as helps support bowel movements, remove toxins from the body, builds the Yin in the body, which then treats dryness and inflammation. From a Western nutritional perspective, its orange color already suggests that it is high in Beta-Carotene, Vitamin A. Sweet Potato is also high in Vitamin C and E, potassium and fiber. Its natural sweetness and being a root vegetable, versus fruits, has a low-glycemic index and can help stabilize blood-sugar imbalances such as diabetes. Hence, one can eat it as a dessert without having any processed sugar or fructose. I know people who do not tolerate night-shade vegetables, such as potatoes and tomatoes, but Sweet Potatoes are not night-shades, as such very agreeable with those who have these issues. As often the case with most things, too much of a good thing transforms it to a hindrance. Eat it or anything with consciousness, LESS IS MORE.  
 
I find the Sweet Potato plant so versatile and resilient, taking root all over the world; from the Americas to Asia-Pacific, Africa and Europe through the Columbian Exchange, but also it has been found that Polynesia had cultivated this plant before the British came to the islands. We can learn a lot from this plant in being adaptable yet being able to root almost in every continent on the Earth. Best of all to go inward to find our own roots at this time of year.
 
 
 
Image Sweet Potato Plant and Blossom by Elaine
Image Sweet Potato Roots by Suanpa on Pixabay

When I was in my Chinese Medicine studies in San Francisco, I had a classmate who was of Japanese ethnicity but grew up in Hawaii. We laughed about how we thought that Pears were meant to be eaten crunchy. Where we both grew up, Pears were imported so when it was shipped to us, they were not yet ripened. This is how I got to know Pears as a child, as sweet, juicy, crunchy beings.
 
The Pear is called 棃子 lí zi in Mandarin. There are 3000 known varieties of Pyrus around the world. We have come to know Pears as "pear-shaped," but there is also the Nashi Pear which is rounder. In Chinese Medicine, Pears are cooling in temperature, with sweet and sour flavors. They enter the channels of Lung, Large Intestines, Gallbladder and Spleen. Like Apples, Pears are from the Rosaceae family, the same family of the Rose. Their main function is to tonify Yin and moisten dryness, especially in relation to the Lung with symptoms like thirst, dry throat as well as skin. They may also help with constipation, specifically when the stools are hard and dry, indicating a Yin deficiency, which can often happen when we get older. Another function of Pears is to cool heat in the Lungs and dispel phlegm. Here we have once again food that is medicinal. One of my teachers in Chinese Medicine school gave us a recipe for a lovely dessert with Pears for the Autumn to help moisturize the Lungs that tend to get irritated in this season. Simply steam the Pears on a plate for 15 minutes and then remove from heat. Then drizzle a teaspoon of honey over the steamed Pears to enhance the Lung moisturizing effect. Definitely drink the juice that has been released from the steaming process. 
 
I have a Pear tree growing in my garden, which my husband and I planted when we moved into our home a few years ago. Last year, as the Spring and Summer were warm and sunny, our young, tender-branched tree bore an incredible amount of fruit, something like 30. Its branches began to bend from the load of the fruit, we had support them with sticks. This year was a totally different story; it was raining in Spring and the Summer cool, as such, we had ONE Pear growing, which has already been harvested. The fruit harvest was meager but the life lesson rich. I learned that Nature is intelligent, a lot more intelligent than us humans. When it produces too much in a year, the next year's harvest will be milder. Sometimes even no fruit. In this way, the being, whether plant or animal, will be able to conserve its life energy for a longer period of time. Thus, ensuring a higher chance of survival for the coming years. We humans, unfortunately do not understand this concept of respecting limits and Nature's rules. We push things to extremes, "bigger and more is better," making bigger cars, buildings, cities and even more as well as bigger humans. We don't just want a 100 percent, we want a 110 percent! So, what happens then is that we overdraw on our resource account and then we have a deficit, which we will be paying back for generations or even the possibility of not surviving. It is simple math that even a primary school child can solve but we adults just can't seem to figure it out. 
 
The answer is simple, USE LESS. Find balance, just take enough and put back what we take. Treat every being with respect, even the common Pear. It has many lessons to teach us.  


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Image by Elaine

If you go on a walk right now, you will observe that the Peony is in or coming to blossom.  In German, we call them Pfingstrosen, I imagine due to the fact that they flower around the time of Pentecost. As a child, I recall having experienced the flower Peony in the form of soap from China; a very strong, sweet scented soap, which was almost too sweet for me. We also used to get duvets from China that were Peony brand. When I went with my mother to the market, I would ask her about the flowers, whose blossoms were wrapped in white tissue and she would tell me that they were Peonies imported from China. So, I had an impression that Peonies were Chinese, as they don't grow in the tropical climate in Malaysia.
 
Since my studies in Chinese Medicine began, I have come to know of how the Chinese honor the Peony. It was referred to by Confucius (551-479 BCE), was often the subject of art in the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE) and even declared the national flower of China during the Qing dynasty, the last imperial government of China till 1912. In Chinese it is called Fu Gui Hua, "flower of riches and honor." Peonies are naturally occurring in temperate and cold areas of the northern hemisphere, from Morocco to Japan to North America. There is a Greek myth of Peony, where the God of Medicine, Aesclepius, got jealous of his student, Paeon, and he was saved from Aesclepius' attack by Zeus who transformed him into a flower - the Peony. 
 
There are tree Peonies, herbaceous Peonies and hybrids that have leaves like the tree but are herbaceous.  In the Chinese Medicine itself, we use 3 different species of Peony: Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia veitchii. Interestingly, the part of the plant that it used as medicine is not the flower. The part of Paeonia suffriticosa, which is the tree, that is used is the cortex or bark of the tree, Mu Dan Pi. It is used to cool the blood and clear heat, as in the case of fevers. It also moves blood when there has been trauma, lowers blood pressure and inflammation. Paeonia lactiflora, the herbaceous Peony, provides its radix or root as medicine in the form of Chi Shao or Bai Shao. Chi Shao is the root that is still red, which helps move blood and relieve pain from trauma or menses. Bai Shao is the white root, which tonifies the blood, calms the liver, relieves tension and adjusts Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) as well as Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). One of my Chinese herbal teachers called Bai Shao the "White Fairy Mother."
 
I grow Peonies in my garden, both the tree and herbaceous ones. They are special plants that don't like to be moved, they find a spot and they root there till they die. I observe them throughout the year. After they flower in Spring (April to early June), the tree has already flowered now and the herbaceous form is flowering soon, the energy of the plants goes inward and dies back its external manifestation in autumn. This does not mean the plant is not working, the power of the Yin (autumn and winter being Yin times of the year) is being generated in the root of the plant. This I believe is why the root of Bai Shao are so powerful to nourish the Yin and Blood in our bodies. Right now, those who react to the seasonal pollen that is currently in full emission, that includes myself, will be thankful to Mu Dan Pi for providing the cooling and calming of the mucous membranes in the eyes and nasal passages. The bark of the Peony tree is hardy yet gentle, providing the soothing coolness and protection of autumn-winter in the searing heat from growth of spring-summer. It is an herb of balance; sinking when there is strong rising action, calming when there is over-excitement. 
 
Chinese Herbal Medicine uses herbs mostly as formulae, almost never one herb alone, as the synergy of the combined herbs counteract the overexertion of another. One could say they operate as a team, supporting one another and balancing the forces of the other. Each herbal formula is prepared specially for each individual person, paying attention to causes of the imbalance and not just on symptoms. If you are interested in using Herbal Medicine, discuss it with your practitioner so that s/he can help you understand your imbalances and how these amazing plants can aid you in your health.  

Images Peony by Elaine